Here, the viscosity of the synovial fluid between bones will decrease with an increase in the speed of the fluid during its motion. Since the synovial joints have both viscous and elastic characteristics, they are marked as the thixotropic fluid. This means it purifies and filters the portion of the blood plasma through the membrane which contains a larger amount of hyaluronic acid than the other plasma dialyzates. The synovial fluids present between the joints of the bone will act as the chemical dialyzer of blood plasma. It also contains phagocytic cells, which remove microbes and debris and helps protect joints from normal wear and tears. Hyaluronan is synthesized by the synovial membrane, which is secreted into the joint cavity to increase the viscosity and elasticity of articular cartilages, and it lubricates the surface between synovium and cartilage. It is a polymer of disaccharides and composed of D-N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid combined by alternating beta-1,4 and beta-1,3 glycosidic bonds. Usually, the synovial fluid contains 3-4mg/ml of hyaluronic acid. The synovial fluid shows the rheopexy characteristics, which increases the viscosity and fluid thickness over the period of continuous stress. The synovial fluid shows the non-newtonian flow characteristic: The viscosity coefficient is not constant and the fluid is not linearly viscous. Type B cells produce hyaluronan, which is made up of hyaluronic acid and proteinases, lubricin, and collagenases. Further, it removes the wear and tears debris from the synovial fluid. Type A cells are derived from blood monocytes. The synovial tissues consist of two types of cells. Synovial tissues are the vascularized connective tissue, which lacks the basement membrane. During the movement of joints, the synovial fluid present in the cartilages is squeezed out mechanically to maintain the fluid layer on the cartilage surface. The fluid present in the articular cartilage serves as a synovial fluid reserve. Further, it seeps into the microcavities and irregularities in the articular cartilage surface for filling all spaces between the fluid. The interstitial fluid forms a thin layer of around 50 μm on the surface of the cartilage. Synovial fluid contains proteoglycan 4, the lubricant secreted by the chondrocytes surface present in articular cartilage and interstitial fluid filtered from the blood plasma. Synovial fluid contains hyaluronan, which is secreted by the fibroblast-like cells present in the synovial membrane. This synovial fluid acts as an ultrafiltration membrane for blood plasma, which contains the protein derivative produced by the cells present inside the joint tissues. The synovial membrane present in the inner membrane of synovial joints will secrete the synovial fluid into the joint cavity. The primary synovial fluid function is to reduce friction between the articular cartilages during the movement of synovial joints. This fluid looks like egg white fluid with a transcellular fluid component of extracellular fluid. It is a viscous, non-newtonian fluid present in the cavity of synovial joints between the bones. Synovial fluids are joint fluids, they are also termed synovia.
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